「パテントヴァル」の版間の差分
Dummy index (トーク | 投稿記録) en:Patent valからコピー |
Dummy index (トーク | 投稿記録) 編集の要約なし |
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| ja = 特徴的なヴァル | | ja = 特徴的なヴァル | ||
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ある[[オクターブ平均律]]における'''パテントヴァル'''(patent val、特徴的なヴァル)または'''最近傍マッピング'''(nearest edomapping)とは、その平均律チューニング(純正律との対応を定めていないただの等間隔ピッチ集合。以下''n''-等分律と書く)において各素数音程を[[直接近似|最近接丸め]]して得られるヴァルのことである。この際オクターブは純正(誤差なし)とする。これの基本的な使い方は素数音程をステップ数に丸めて、それをもとに任意の純正音程のステップ数を求めることである。 | |||
The '''patent val''' (a.k.a. '''nearest edomapping''') for an [[edo]] is a list of numbers you obtain by finding the closest rounded approximation to each [[prime harmonic]] in the tuning, assuming [[2/1|octaves]] are pure (or in other words, assuming the edo number is an integer). The basic application of a patent val is that you round prime harmonics to edosteps, and then deduce the number of steps of an arbitrary just interval based on its [[prime factorization]]. | The '''patent val''' (a.k.a. '''nearest edomapping''') for an [[edo]] is a list of numbers you obtain by finding the closest rounded approximation to each [[prime harmonic]] in the tuning, assuming [[2/1|octaves]] are pure (or in other words, assuming the edo number is an integer). The basic application of a patent val is that you round prime harmonics to edosteps, and then deduce the number of steps of an arbitrary just interval based on its [[prime factorization]]. | ||
例えば、[[17平均律 | 例えば、[[17平均律]]のパテントヴァルは {{val| 17 27 39 }} であり、それは 2/1 の最近傍マッピングは 17 ステップであり、3/1 の最近傍マッピングが 27 ステップであり、5/1 の最近傍マッピングが 39 ステップであることを示す。このことはすなわち、もしオクターブが純正ならば、3/2 は 706 セントであり、本来の 3/2 が17等分律にある一番近い音程に丸められている。そして 5/4 は 353 セントとなり、こちらも本来の 5/4 を17等分律にある音程に丸めて得たものである。 | ||
For example, the patent val for 17edo is {{val| 17 27 39 }}, indicating that the closest mapping for 2/1 is 17 steps, the closest mapping for 3/1 is 27 steps, and the closest mapping for 5/1 is 39 steps. This means, if octaves are pure, that 3/2 is 706 cents, which is what you get if you round off 3/2 to the closest location in 17-equal, and that 5/4 is 353 cents, which is what you get is you round off 5/4 to the closest location in 17-equal. | For example, the patent val for 17edo is {{val| 17 27 39 }}, indicating that the closest mapping for 2/1 is 17 steps, the closest mapping for 3/1 is 27 steps, and the closest mapping for 5/1 is 39 steps. This means, if octaves are pure, that 3/2 is 706 cents, which is what you get if you round off 3/2 to the closest location in 17-equal, and that 5/4 is 353 cents, which is what you get is you round off 5/4 to the closest location in 17-equal. | ||
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{{Main| Uniform map }} | {{Main| Uniform map }} | ||
このヴァルの概念はオクターブのステップの数について、整数から実数に拡大されることができる。これを'''一般化パテントヴァル'''('''GPV''')と呼ぶ。例えば、16.9edo(これは16L 1sなMOSスケールではなく、169 ステップで 10 オクターブになる等分律を表す)のための[[7リミット]]における一般化パテントヴァルは、{{val| 17 27 39 47 }} であり、16.9 × log2(7) = 47.444 であることから、7/1 を 48 ステップではなく 47 ステップに切り捨てている。 | |||
This val can be extended to the case where the number of steps in an octave is a real number rather than an integer; this is called a '''generalized patent val''', or '''GPV'''. For instance the 7-limit generalized patent val for 16.9 is {{val| 17 27 39 47 }}, since 16.9 × log<sub>2</sub>7 = 47.444, which rounds down to 47. | This val can be extended to the case where the number of steps in an octave is a real number rather than an integer; this is called a '''generalized patent val''', or '''GPV'''. For instance the 7-limit generalized patent val for 16.9 is {{val| 17 27 39 47 }}, since 16.9 × log<sub>2</sub>7 = 47.444, which rounds down to 47. | ||
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[[File:Generalized Patent Vals.png|thumb|a visualization of all possible GPVs through the 13-limit up to 99et (any vertical slice is a GPV)]] | [[File:Generalized Patent Vals.png|thumb|a visualization of all possible GPVs through the 13-limit up to 99et (any vertical slice is a GPV)]] | ||
パテントヴァルに加えて検討する価値のあるマッピングが存在する。5リミットの17平均律を考えよう。{{val| 17 27 40 }} がパテントヴァルであり、これは各素数をそれぞれ最近接丸め(再確認、パテントヴァルは純オクターブつまり整数edoを想定する)したものである。しかしこの規制を解除するなら、5/1 の「次に良い近似」を利用できるようになって、 むしろ5/4としての424セントとして扱う<17 27 39|である。このヴァル17平均律の特徴的なヴァルと比べ、Tenney-Euclideanエラーよりも小さい。しかしながら、<17 27 39|はたぶん、必ずしも17平均律において、完全なベストではない。それは明らかに、「特徴的な」ヴァルは、EDOとなるよう単純に丸め込まれた素数であり、それ以上の理由のための深い熟考は存在しない。 | |||
There are other vals worth considering besides the patent val. Consider the case of 5-limit 17et. {{val| 17 27 39}} is the patent val, meaning each prime individually is as closely approximated as possible (again, assuming pure octaves). However, if that constraint is lifted, and we're allowed to choose the next-closest approximations for prime 5, the overall damage to the consonances we care about can be reduced; in other words, even though 39 steps can take you just a tiny bit closer to prime 5 than 40 steps can, this is a naïve choice which does not take into account whether the errors tend to cancel or reinforce in simple ratios that combine different primes. Considering the problem more deeply in this manner may lead to choosing {{val|17 27 40}} instead. And there are other harmonic reasons to choose {{val| 17 27 40 }} over {{val| 17 27 39 }} as well; it tempers different commas. | There are other vals worth considering besides the patent val. Consider the case of 5-limit 17et. {{val| 17 27 39}} is the patent val, meaning each prime individually is as closely approximated as possible (again, assuming pure octaves). However, if that constraint is lifted, and we're allowed to choose the next-closest approximations for prime 5, the overall damage to the consonances we care about can be reduced; in other words, even though 39 steps can take you just a tiny bit closer to prime 5 than 40 steps can, this is a naïve choice which does not take into account whether the errors tend to cancel or reinforce in simple ratios that combine different primes. Considering the problem more deeply in this manner may lead to choosing {{val|17 27 40}} instead. And there are other harmonic reasons to choose {{val| 17 27 40 }} over {{val| 17 27 39 }} as well; it tempers different commas. | ||