「利用者:Tessyrrh1016/draft/用語集」の版間の差分

; [[アキラルスケール]]（[[:en:achiral scale]]） : [[#す|スケール]]の鏡像（ステップの順序を逆にしたもの）が同じスケールの[[#も|モード]]となるスケール。

; [[chiral scale]] : A [[#S|scale]] whose mirror image (reversing the order of its [[#S|steps]]) is a different scale (not a [[#M|mode]] of the same scale).

; [[chord]] : A set of [[#P|pitches]] played simultaneously or in close succession.

; [[chroma]] : An [[#I|interval]] equal to the difference between the large [[#S|step]] and the small step (L-s) of a [[#B|binary scale]].

; [[comma]] : A small [[#I|interval]] that occurs in [[#J|just intonation]] between two intervals which are close in [[#P|pitch]].

; [[comma pump]] : A harmonic sequence (or [[#C|chord]] progression) wherein the [[#T|tonic]] shifts up or down by a [[#C|comma]] every time the sequence is traversed.

; [[complement]] : The difference between an [[#I|interval]] and the [[#O|octave]] or another [[#E|equivalence interval]].

; [[concordance]] : The perceived smoothness of an [[#I|interval]] or [[#C|chord]].

; [[consonance]] : The subjective, contextual smoothness of an [[#I|interval]] or [[#C|chord]].

; [[constant structure]] (CS) : The property of a [[#S|scale]] whose [[#I|interval classes]] are distinct.

; [[degree]] : The position of a [[#T|tone]] in a [[#S|scale]].

; [[delta-N ratio]] : A [[#R|ratio]] whose difference between its numerator and its denominator is equal to N.

; [[delta-rational chord]] (DR chord) : A [[#C|chord]] with at least two [[#D|dyads]] which represent [[#F|frequency]] differences which have a rational ratio. This property is thought to result in synchronized interference [[#B|beating]] between the dyads.

; [[diatonic scale]] : An [[#M|moment-of-symmetry]] (MOS) [[#S|scale]] with 5 large [[#S|steps]] and 2 small steps per [[#O|octave]].

; [[diesis]] : An [[#I|interval]] equal to the absolute value of the difference between the large [[#S|step]] and twice the small step (|L-2s|) of a [[#B|binary scale]].

; [[discordance]] : The perceived roughness of an [[#I|interval]] or [[#C|chord]].

; [[dissonance]] : The subjective, contextual roughness of an [[#I|interval]] or [[#C|chord]].

; [[dyad]] : An unordered set of two [[#P|pitch]]es.

; [[equal temperament]] : A rank-1 [[#T|temperament]]. The temperament-agnostic term is ''equal-step tuning'' (or equal tuning).

; [[equave]] (or interval of equivalence) : An [[#I|interval]] considered to be [[#E|equivalent]] to the [[#U|unison]], such as an [[#O|octave]] (2/1 or 1200 cents).

; [[equivalence]] : The phenomenon of psychoacoustics that two notes an [[#O|octave]] apart, or possibly another [[#I|interval]] apart, are considered "(substantially) equivalent" to the brain.

== F ==

; [[frequency]] : The number of oscillations per unit of time of a vibrating object.

; [[frequency ratio]] : The relationship between the [[#F|frequencies]] of the [[#P|pitches]] of two or more notes.

; [[generator]]s : A set of [[#I|intervals]] that generates a larger set through linear combination; e.g. primes {2, 3} generate [[#P|Pythagorean tuning]].

; [[generator sequence]] (GS) : A [[#S|scale]]-building procedure based on alternating [[#G|generator]]s.

; [[harmonic]] : A whole-number multiple of the fundamental [[#F|frequency]] of a sound; also implicitly used in the sense of "harmonic [[#P|partial]]" or "harmonic [[#O|overtone]]".

; [[harmonic series]] : The infinite sequence of [[#T|tones]] that are whole-number [[#F|frequency ratios]] over a fundamental.  

; [[harmonic series segment|harmonic (series) segment]] : Any finite sequence of consecutive harmonics in the harmonic series. Examples: 3:4:5:6:7, 7:8:9:10:11:12:13:14, 49:50:51:52:53:54. As shorthand, these may be written 3::7, 7::14, and 49::54.

; [[harmonic mode|harmonic (series) mode]] : A harmonic segment spanning an outer interval of 1:''n'' and usually taken as constituting a scale with period ''n''/1, i.e. one of the form ''m''::''mn''. By default ''mode m'' refers to octave-spanning harmonic modes, i.e. ''m''::2''m''. For example, mode 6 is 6:7:8:9:10:11:12, or 6::12.

; [[harmonic distance]] : A measure of complexity for [[#J|just intonation]] [[#I|intervals]], associated with [[#C|concordance]] and [[#D|discordance]].

; harmonic limit : See [[#P|prime limit]], [[#O|odd limit]] and [[#I|integer limit]].

; [[wikipedia: Hertz|Hertz]] (Hz) : A unit of [[#F|frequency]] defined as one oscillation per second.

; [[integer limit]] : The set of all [[#F|frequency ratios]] whose terms do not exceed a given maximum integer.

; [[interval]] : The relationship between two [[#P|pitches]], whose main property is [[#I|interval size]].

; interval category : See [[#I|interval region]].

; [[interval class]] : The set of all [[#I|intervals]] in a [[#S|scale]] which [[#S|subtend]] the same number of scale [[#S|steps]].

; interval of equivalence : See [[#E|equave]].

; [[interval quality]] : The relative size of an [[#I|interval]] compared to similar intervals (of the same [[#I|interval class]] or of the same [[#I|interval region]]).  

; [[interval region]] : A range of [[#I|intervals]] of similar [[#I|size]].

; [[interval size]] : The distance between two [[#P|pitches]], usually expressed as a [[#F|frequency ratio]] or as a logarithmic measure (e.g. [[#C|cents]]).

; [[interval variety]] : The number of different [[#I|interval qualities]] available for an [[#I|interval class]] in a [[#S|scale]].

== J ==

; [[just intonation]] (JI) : The set of [[#I|intervals]] whose [[#F|frequency ratios]] are expressible as rational numbers.

; [[just intonation subgroup]] : The set of [[#J|JI]] [[#I|intervals]] obtainable by stacking (finitely many) copies of a finite set of JI [[#G|generators]] up or down. For example, 7/6 and 49/32 are both in the 2.3.7 subgroup, the set of JI ratios obtained by stacking copies of 2/1, 3/1 and 7/1 up and down.

== K ==

== L ==

; limit : See [[#P|prime limit]], [[#O|odd limit]] and [[#I|integer limit]].

; [[low-complexity just intonation]] (LCJI) : An approach to [[#T|tuning]] based on a restricted set of simple [[#J|just intonation]] [[#I|intervals]].

; [[maximum variety]] (MV) : The maximum [[#I|interval variety]] from all [[#I|interval classes]] of a [[#P|periodic scale]].

; [[mediant]] : An binary operation on ratios ([[#F|frequency ratios]] or other) where the numerator of the result is the sum of the ratios' numerators, and the denominator of the result is the sum of the ratios' denominators.

; [[mode]] : A particular rotation of a [[#S|scale]], e.g. Ionian, Dorian etc. for the [[#D|diatonic scale]].

; [[monzo]] : A representation of a [[#J|just intonation]] [[#I|interval]] using the exponents in its prime factorization; e.g. 81/80 = {{monzo|-4 4 -1}}.

; [[moment-of-symmetry scale]] (MOS scale) : A type of [[#S|scale]] that generalizes the [[#D|diatonic scale]] by preserving some of its properties, including [[#M|maximum-variety 2]] and [[#R|rank 2]].

; [[Myhill's property]] : The property of a [[#S|scale]] with [[#M|maximum variety]] 2.

; [[Neji]] : A near-[[#E|equal]] [[#J|just intonation]] (NEJI) scale.

; [[octave]] : The [[#I|interval]] with a frequency ratio of 2/1.

; [[octave complement]] : See [[#C|complement]].

; [[octave reduction]] : An operation on [[#I|intervals]] consisting in dividing or multiplying by 2 repeatedly until the result is greater than or equal to the [[#U|unison]] and less than the [[#O|octave]].

; [[odd limit]] : The set of all [[#F|frequency ratios]] whose terms, once all powers of 2 are removed, do not exceed a given maximum odd number.

; [[overtone]] : A [[#P|partial]] above a fundamental [[#F|frequency]], often assumed to be a [[#H|harmonic]] partial, or an independent [[#P|pitch]] corresponding to that partial.

; [[partial]] : A sine wave component of a periodic sound.

; [[period]] (or interval of repetition) : The [[#I|interval]] that spans the smallest [[#S|step pattern]] that can "tile" a scale.

; [[periodic scale]] : A [[#S|scale]] that repeats at a [[#P|period]], often assumed to be the [[#O|octave]] or other [[#E|equave]].

; [[wikipedia: Pitch (music)|pitch]] : The property of some sounds that allows them to be ordered on a one-dimensional 'pitch axis'. Often measured by the frequency (in hertz) of a sine wave having the same pitch.

; [[polymicrotonal]] (or polysystemic) : The use of multiple [[#T|tuning systems]] in the same piece.

; [[prime limit]] : The set of all [[#F|frequency ratios]] whose terms' prime factors do not exceed a maximum prime number.

; [[Pythagorean tuning]] : A [[#T|tuning system]] based on [[#S|stacking]] the interval [[3/2]] repeatedly, [[#O|octave-reducing]] as necessary.

; quality : See [[#I|interval quality]].

; [[rank]] : The number of [[#G|generators]] of a set of [[#I|intervals]], i.e. the set's dimensionality (not to be confused with the [[dimensionality]] of the temperament itself). For example, [[12edo]] is rank-1 because it can be generated by the semitone; [[Pythagorean tuning]] is rank-2 because it can be generated by the primes {2, 3}.

; ratio : See [[#I|interval ratio]] and [[#S|step ratio]]. May also be used to designate other mathematical [[Wikipedia:Ratio|ratios]].

; [[reference tone]] (or reference pitch) : An agreed-upon fundamental or dominant [[#F|frequency]] that musical instruments will reference when adjusting tuning.

; region : See [[#I|interval region]].

; [[regular temperament]] : A mapping from a [[domain]] (such as a [[prime limit]] or [[just intonation subgroup]]) to a set of intervals with fewer generators. Expressible as a [[mapping|mapping matrix]] whose columns are generators of the just intonation and whose rows are generators of the temperament. In particular, the row vectors are called [[val]]s or [[map]]s.

; [[scale]] : A sequence of [[#P|pitches]] (sometimes expressed as a sequence of [[#I|interval]]s relative to the [[#T|tonic]]); usually contains every pitch of a given musical phrase or passage. Not to be confused with "[[#T|tuning system]]".

; scale signature : An expression using the step sizes of a scale, where the coefficient in front of each step tells you how many of that step size the scale has. A [[mos]] scale has a scale signature of aL bs for step sizes L > s. Other scales may have more complex signatures such as 5L 2M 3s.

; size : See [[#I|interval size]].

; [[step]] : An [[#I|interval]] between two consecutive [[#T|tones]] of a [[#S|scale]].

; 1, 2, 3...-step: A 1, 2, 3, ...-step interval in any scale.

; [[step pattern]] : The sequence of [[#S|steps]] that occurs in a scale, usually written using letters to represent relative [[#I|interval sizes]] (L for large, M for medium, s for small, etc.).

; [[step ratio]] : The ratio between the [[#I|interval sizes]] of a [[#S|scale]]'s [[#S|steps]].

; [[strict variety]] (SV) : The [[#I|interval variety]] of all [[#I|interval classes]] of a [[#P|periodic scale]], when all interval classes have the same interval variety.

; [[subgroup]] : See [[#J|Just intonation subgroup]].

; [[subharmonic]] : A unit fraction of the fundamental [[#F|frequency]] of a sound; also implicitly used in the sense of "subharmonic [[#P|partial]]" or "subharmonic [[#U|undertone]]".

; [[subharmonic series]] : A sequence of [[#T|tones]] generated by unit-fraction [[#F|frequency ratios]] under a fundamental.

; subtend : Of an interval size, to occur as a certain number of steps in a given scale.

: ''In the diatonic scale, the perfect fifth always subtends 4 steps.''

; [[temperament]] : Historically, a [[#T|tuning system]] that slightly compromises the pure [[#I|intervals]] of (low-complexity) [[#J|just intonation]] to meet other requirements. Modern use of the term usually implies "[[#R|regular temperament]]".

; [[ternary scale]] : A [[#S|scale]] with three different [[#S|step]] sizes.

; [[timbre]] : The perceived sound quality of a musical note, which allows a listener to tell different instruments apart.

; [[tone]] : An individual [[#P|pitch]] from a [[#C|chord]], [[#S|scale]], [[#T|tuning system]], etc.  

; [[tritave]] : A synonym of [[3/1]] third harmonic, especially in the context of [[nonoctave]] music.

; [[tuning system]] : A set of [[#P|pitches]] (sometimes expressed as a set of [[#I|interval]]s relative to the [[#T|tonic]]); contains every pitch of a given musical instrument or piece. Not to be confused with "[[#S|scale]]".

; [[undertone]] : A [[#P|partial]] below a fundamental [[#F|frequency]], often assumed to be a [[#S|subharmonic]] partial, or an independent [[#P|pitch]] corresponding to that partial.

; [[unison]] : The [[#I|interval]] between two [[#T|tones]] that are identical in [[#P|pitch]].

 

 

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

== See also ==

* [[Acronyms]]

* [[Dave Keenan & Douglas Blumeyer's guide to RTT: conventions for names, variables, units, and notations]]

* [[Glossary for combinatorics on words]]

[[Category:Terms| ]] <!-- main article -->